The Rise of Precision Neuroscience: A New Era in Brain-Computer Interfaces
In the heart of Manhattan, a team of neuroscientists is quietly working on a revolutionary technology that could redefine how humans interact with machines. Precision Neuroscience, a company founded in 2021 by former Neuralink employees, is developing a brain-computer interface (BCI) that promises to restore independence to individuals with paralysis while minimizing the risks associated with traditional implants.
A Vision for Independence
Precision Neuroscience’s primary goal is to create a “minimally invasive” BCI that allows people with severe paralysis to communicate, use computers, or even hold a desk job. This approach aims to offer a less intrusive alternative to existing solutions, such as Neuralink’s N1 implant, which requires more invasive procedures.
The company’s president and chief product officer, Craig Mermel, emphasized the importance of making this technology accessible and practical. During an AI conference, he highlighted how the AI boom has accelerated the collection of data about the brain, making it possible to develop more sophisticated and effective BCIs.
The Technology Behind the Innovation
At the core of Precision Neuroscience’s technology is the Layer 7 Cortical Interface, a thin film that sits on the surface of the brain’s cortex. This device is designed to be only one-fifth the thickness of a human eyelash, with an array of 1,024 electrodes that can record and stimulate brain activity. These electrodes are connected to custom electronics that process neural data and convert it into computer commands.
Unlike other BCIs that require invasive procedures, the Layer 7 Cortical Interface is designed to conform to the brain’s surface without causing damage. This makes it a safer and more practical option for long-term use.
The Competitive Landscape
Precision Neuroscience is not alone in the race to develop advanced BCIs. Companies like Neuralink, Blackrock’s Neurotech, and Synchron are also making significant strides in this field. Neuralink’s N1 implant, for example, involves inserting ultra-thin threads into the brain, while Synchron’s Stentrode is inserted through the jugular vein.
However, Precision Neuroscience believes that its approach is uniquely positioned to offer a safer and more scalable solution. The company is also developing a minimally invasive “cranial microslit” implant procedure, which involves a small incision in the skull to insert the Layer 7 Cortical Interface.
Clinical Studies and Data Collection
Since 2023, Precision Neuroscience has conducted clinical studies on 47 volunteer patients who were already undergoing brain surgery for other reasons. During these studies, the devices were placed on their brains to read, record, and map activity on the brain’s surface. These short-term studies allowed researchers to gather valuable data on neural patterns associated with various activities.
In April 2024, the company received FDA clearance to use its electrode array for recording, monitoring, and stimulating electrical activity on the surface of the brain. This authorization allows for commercial use for up to 30 days, and longer clinical studies are currently underway.
The Power of Data
Brain-computer interfaces serve as translators, converting the brain’s electrical language into machine-readable signals. Precision Neuroscience’s system captures about 1 to 2 billion data points per minute from each patient, analyzing the data in real time using AI algorithms. This data is crucial for building a “neural foundation model” that can decode speech and motor intention.
The company is also exploring future applications, including assisting surgeons during neurosurgery, treating conditions like depression, and aiding in stroke recovery. As Rapoport noted, the potential for scaling this technology beyond its initial use case is vast.
Looking Ahead
As Precision Neuroscience continues to refine its technology and expand its clinical studies, the future of brain-computer interfaces looks increasingly promising. With a focus on safety, scalability, and accessibility, the company is poised to make a significant impact in the field of neuroscience and beyond.