The Growing Concern of Healthy Ageing in Malaysia
Malaysians are living longer, with an average life expectancy of 75.2 years in 2024, up from 74.5 years in 2014. However, this increase in lifespan does not always translate to better quality of life. Many individuals spend a significant portion of their later years dealing with chronic conditions, which can lead to poor health and reduced independence.
Experts emphasize that maintaining good health throughout one’s life is crucial for ensuring a longer and more fulfilling life. Dr. Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman, a professor at the University of Malaya and president of the Malaysia Healthy Ageing Society, highlighted the growing gap between “lifespan” and “healthspan.” While lifespan refers to the total number of years a person lives, healthspan is about how many of those years are spent in good health without chronic illnesses or disabilities.
Several factors contribute to a shorter healthspan. These include conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Additionally, access to healthcare and the ability to afford medical services play a critical role in determining overall health outcomes. For instance, individuals living in rural areas may face challenges in accessing timely medical care, while socio-economic disparities can further complicate health management.
Dr. Shahrul Bahyah pointed out that these risk factors often begin to affect people in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, increasing their likelihood of developing dementia later in life. Research shows that individuals aged 45 to 55 who have multiple risk factors—such as diabetes, hypertension, and a sedentary lifestyle—are more likely to experience mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to dementia.
Addressing the Misconceptions About Dementia
Dementia is often associated with aging, but it is not an inevitable part of getting older. While age is a significant risk factor, not all older individuals develop dementia. According to the World Health Organization, other risk factors include depression, social isolation, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Dr. Shahrul Bahyah stressed the importance of rebranding the perception of aging and challenging stereotypes that portray older adults as forgetful or dependent. She emphasized that dementia is not a natural consequence of aging and that early intervention and proper care can make a significant difference.
In addition, she noted that some older individuals may experience delirium due to medication side effects, which can be mistaken for dementia. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure that individuals receive the right care.
The Challenges of Caring for People with Dementia
Jenny Lim, a certified dementia care trainer from the Alzheimer’s Disease Foundation Malaysia (ADFM), highlighted the growing need for specialized care for people with dementia. As of 2024, it is estimated that over half a million Malaysians live with dementia, with the highest numbers found in Selangor, Johor, and Sabah.
The most challenging stage of dementia is the mid-stage, where individuals may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms due to unmet needs. Caregivers often struggle to manage these symptoms, leading to emotional distress and financial strain. Many families turn to ADFM for support, but the organization faces overwhelming demand due to a lack of trained caregivers and adequate facilities.
Lim emphasized the urgent need for government support in training more volunteers and establishing dedicated centers to cater to the specific needs of people with dementia. She also called for improved coordination among different sectors to ensure seamless care for the aging population.
Policies for a Healthier Future
Dr. Shahrul Bahyah proposed several policy recommendations to improve the well-being of older Malaysians. These include legal protections against elder abuse, ensuring equitable access to healthcare, and supporting caregivers through grants and funding. She also advocated for the creation of age-friendly cities, following the World Health Organization’s framework.
Making communities more inclusive and accessible benefits not only older adults but also people of all ages. By focusing on the needs of the elderly, society can create environments that promote dignity, independence, and well-being for everyone.
Conclusion
As Malaysia continues to see an increase in life expectancy, it is essential to prioritize healthy ageing and proactive measures to prevent chronic diseases. Addressing the challenges of dementia and improving care systems will require collective efforts from individuals, organizations, and the government. By fostering a culture of health and inclusivity, Malaysia can ensure that its citizens enjoy longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives.